
Bandung – Kereta Driverless (tanpa masinis) pertama di Indonesia diuji coba di Bandara Soekarno Hatta
Adalah deputi bidang Teknologi Informasi, Energi, dan Material BPPT Eniya Listiani Dewi dan direktur operasi 1 PT. Len Industri (persero) Linus Andor M. Sijabat menjajal sistem Driverless pada Skytrain atau APMS (Automatic People Mover System) Bandara Soekarno Hatta dalam rangka kegiatan akhir audit teknologi CBTC (Communication-Based Train Control) oleh BPPT, di Tangerang (20/07/2020).
Sistem CBTC memungkinkan Skytrain Kalayang tersebut akan menjadi moda transportasi kereta full Driverless (tanpa masinis) pertama di Indonesia yang dapat memberikan keamanan, kenyamanan, dan keandalan bagi para penumpang di bandara.
Eniya meninjau ruang OCC (Operation Control Center) untuk memantau uji ketahanan (endurance test) operasi driverless Skytrain Kalayang yang sedang menjalankan empat train set kalayang secara otomatis dari terminal T1 ke terminal T3 dan sebaliknya secara looping terus menerus dan melihat peralatan trackside CBTC di ER (Equipment Room).
“Tim BPPT membantu audit dari sistem perkeretaapian di kalayang ini. Kita sudah melihat performa, sistem, dan seluruh aspek. Selama 14 bulan, kita cek dan kali ini kita sudah memastikan semua bergerak dengan baik. Beberapa waktu yang lalu saya dilapori tim yang menguji, ada beberapa prosedur yang perlu diperbaiki, terus sudah ditangani dengan baik. Dan kali ini sudah clear semua, sehingga kita bisa mengeluarkan rekomendasi teknis dari BPPT,” kata Eniya.
“Setelah dari audit ini mendapatkan rekomendasi dari BPPT, selanjutnya akan dilanjutkan sertifikasi dari Kementerian Perhubungan. APMS Kalayang Bandara Soekarno Hatta akan menjadi moda kereta full driverless pertama di Indonesia yang memberikan keamanan, kenyamanan, dan keandalan bagi para penumpang di bandara,” tambah linus.
Eniya berharap agar sistem ATO (Automatic Train Operation) dan ATP (Automatic Train Protection) Len bisa diterapkan di semua lintasan perkeretaapian. Ia juga berharap Indonesia bisa lebih maju karena semua sudah bisa di-handle oleh tenaga lokal di Indonesia.
Hadir pula dalam acara ini Direktur Teknologi Elektronika BPPT Yudi Purwantoro, Direktur Pusat Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi BPPT Michael Andreas Purwoadi, Ketua Tim Audit Edhi Purnomo, GM UB Sistem Transportasi Len Dewayana Agung Nugroho, VP Pengembangan Teknologi Len Tarmidzi Kemal F. Lubis.
Beroperasi sejak September 2017 (belum driverless), APMS Kalayang digunakan oleh rata-rata 20.000-25.000 penumpang per hari di empat (4) terminal Bandara Internasional Soekarno Hatta. Kini, pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan APMS Kalayang dilakukan oleh PT Len Industri.
PT Angkasa Pura II dalam membangun moda ini mempercayakan PT Len Industri untuk membangun seluruh fasilitas operasinya seperti sistem persinyalan CBTC (ATP, ATO, CBI, dan ATS), Sistem OCC (ruang kendali), sistem telekomunikasi, dan sistem kelistrikan (Power Substation, Power Rail 750 VDC), memasok sarana keretanya, dan menangani integrasi sistem prasarana jalan kereta, sarana kereta, dan fasilitas operasi.
Teknologi CBTC dan Moving Block
Sistem persinyalan adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam pengoperasian kereta. Sistem ini sangat mempengaruhi tingkat kenyamanan dan keamanan pengguna kereta, meskipun tidak terlihat oleh penumpang.
Sistem CBTC (Communication-Based Train Control / Sistem Kendali Kereta Berbasis Komunikasi) merupakan sistem persinyalan kereta yang menggunakan frekuensi radio (RF) sebagai komunikasi data nirkabel antar berbagai sub-sistem yang terintegrasi, sesuai dengan standar IEEE 1474.1 hingga 1474.4.
CBTC menggunakan teknologi persinyalan Moving Block memungkinkan blok kereta yang fleksibel, berubah-ubah, dan bergerak sesuai dengan pergerakan dan spesifikasi keretanya, sehingga headway atau jarak keberangkatan antar kereta dapat diatur lebih dekat namun tetap dalam jarak aman. Dengan kata lain, CBTC memungkinkan untuk memendekkan jarak aman antar kereta, sehingga jumlah kereta (train set) yang beroperasi bisa lebih banyak. Keamanan, ketepatan jadwal kereta, kapasitas angkut penumpang yang besar, serta jarak singkat antar kereta adalah hal penting bagi penumpang dalam menggunakan transportasi massal.
Sistem tersebut berbeda dengan sistem Fixed Block (konvensional) di mana track dibagi per-section atau blok dan dalam satu blok hanya boleh terdapat satu kereta, sehingga jumlah kereta (train set) yang beoperasi menjadi lebih terbatas.
Perlengkapan sistem pesinyalan ini di sepanjang jalur kereta juga tidak sebanyak pada sistem fixed block, sehingga lebih efisien dalam pengoperasian dan pemeliharaan. CBTC cocok untuk sistem persinyalan kereta di area urban yang membutuhkan sistem angkutan massal yang efisien.
Penggunaan sistem persinyalan CBTC dapat mendukung upaya dalam memberikan pelayanan yang aman, nyaman, dan dapat diandalkan kepada para penggunanya.
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